Tailwind · Vol I, N° 01
Tailwind.

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Task FShort-Field Approach and Landing

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PA.IV.F.HOW· Procedure

How to fly the maneuver

How to fly a short-field landing: aim at the point, no float, firm touchdown, max braking

A short-field landing is the precision variant of the normal landing (B), and the opposite-end mirror of the short-field takeoff (E). The goal is to touch down within 200 ft of a specified point with maximum braking afterward — minimizing total landing distance. The technique is built around three distinctive ideas: aim at the touchdown point (not short of it like B/D), don't float in the flare (float costs precision), and apply maximum braking immediately after the nose wheel is down.

Aim shift. On a normal landing (B), you aim short of the desired touchdown point and let the round-out + flare carry you to it. On a short-field landing, the aim point is the touchdown point — there's no float allowance built into the trajectory.

Pattern, downwind, base — same as normal landing

Pattern entry, downwind checklist, base configuration — all identical to the normal landing (B). The procedural differences begin on final.

Crosswind correction follows the normal-landing technique (B) — wing-low side-slip on final.

CROSSWIND LANDING · PA.IV.F

Touchdown sequence

Touchdown — upwind main → downwind main → nose

PLATE 26 · CROSSWIND

36Wind~12 ktGround track1. Upwind main(touch first)2. Downwind main3. Nose, held offas long as elevator allows

Touchdown sequence

Mains touch first, upwind main FIRST. The airplane is still wing-low and yawed into wind alignment. After the upwind main is firmly down, the downwind main settles. Hold the nose off as long as elevator authority allows, then lower it gently. Aileron stays INTO the wind throughout the rollout and progressively increases as airspeed decays — at zero groundspeed, full aileron.

The touchdown sequence matters more in a short-field landing because the airplane is committed to brake hard immediately. Mains-first, upwind main first, then downwind main, then nose. Aileron INTO the wind continues as braking starts.

Final approach

  1. Full flaps for the slowest practical approach speed and shortest float.
  2. V_REF — the manufacturer-recommended short-field approach speed (typically the same as normal-landing V_REF; some POHs publish a slightly slower short-field value, e.g., 1.2 V_SO instead of 1.3 V_SO).
  3. Aim at the desired touchdown point. Pick the spot, hold it stationary in the windshield by pitch-and-power management.
  4. On speed — V_REF ±5 KIAS (V.F.S2). Fast on final is the most common short-field bust because it produces float that carries past the touchdown point.

Round-out and flare — abbreviated

The round-out and flare are abbreviated compared to a normal landing:

  1. Round out at the normal 10–20 ft AGL, but plan the touchdown to happen right after the flare — there's no extended float.
  2. The flare bleeds airspeed to landing speed quickly.
  3. The airplane touches down on the main gear first, firmly but controlled — not hard, not soft, but committed. A drift-free, mains-first touchdown at minimum airspeed.

The flare gesture is shorter than (B)'s and much shorter than (D)'s.

LANDING TRAJECTORY · PA.IV.B

Round-out and flare — Short-field landing (IV.F)

Aim AT point — no float — firm touchdown

PLATE 27 · ROUND-OUT & FLARE

Ground effect (~1 wingspan, ~30 ft AGL)Aim pointTouchdownRound-out (10-20 ft)~6° nose up (firm)Distance from start of short final (ft)Altitude (ft AGL)050100150200250

Short-field landing (IV.F)

Aim point IS the touchdown point. No float allowance. Round-out tight; touchdown firm and immediate at the chosen spot. Float past the aim point misses the 200-ft window (V.F.S3). Followed by maximum braking — see CrosswindLandingDiagram for the rollout sequence.

Float: Minimal float — touch at the aim point · Touchdown pitch: ~6° nose up (firm)

The round-out arrests the descent at 10-20 ft AGL. The flare bleeds airspeed in ground effect. The three landing types differ in what they do with the flare: normal lands at the back of the float; soft-field stretches the float to slow the touchdown; short-field eliminates the float to land on the aim point. Same round-out gesture; different post-round-out management.

Short-field trajectory: aim AT the touchdown point (the amber line and the green line coincide). No float in the ground-effect zone. Compare to Normal or Soft-field to see how much float each tolerates that this technique eliminates.

Touchdown precision

Touchdown must be within 200 ft beyond the specified point (V.F.S3). Pre-pick the spot — typically the runway numbers, an aiming-point marker, or a designated cone the DPE places. Plan the approach so the round-out happens slightly before the spot, with the firm touchdown on it.

If the airplane is going to float past the spot — go around (H). Missing the point isn't recoverable in the flare.

Maximum braking

  1. After main-gear touchdown, immediately lower the nose to the runway. (Unlike the normal landing (B), don't hold the nose off for the rollout — nose-down weight is what makes braking effective.)
  2. Aero-braking briefly with full back-elevator if appropriate, then smoothly apply maximum braking (V.F.S4).
  3. Maintain centerline with rudder.
  4. Crosswind aileron continues throughout the rollout, increasing as airspeed decreases.

Maximum braking technique:

  • Apply firm, constant pressure on the brakes — not pumping, not slamming.
  • If the airplane begins to skid, release slightly and reapply (manual anti-lock).
  • Continue braking until the airplane is at safe taxi speed.

Common pitfall: float past the touchdown point. Float comes from being fast on final. The pilot rounds out, the airplane is still at approach speed, the airplane floats. The fix isn't a better flare; it's a slower, more precisely-managed approach. Stabilized + on speed + on aim point = no float.

★ Next up

PA.IV.F.TOL · ACS tolerances

The Private Pilot Airplane ACS (FAA-S-ACS-6C, effective May 31, 2024) anchors short-field landing tolerances around touchdown precision (the tightest in Area…